1609 - Navigator Henry Hudson first European to discover island of Manhattan [or Sep 11]
1682 - English astronomer Edmund Halley observes the comet named after him
1774 - New Caledonia is first sighted by Europeans, during the second voyage of Captain James Cook.
1781 - Los Angeles is founded by 44 Spanish speaking mestizos in the Bahia de las Fumas (Bay of Smokes)
1807 - Robert Fulton begins operating his steamboat
1964 - NASA launches its 1st Orbital Geophysical Observatory (OGO-1)
1998 - Google is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two students at Stanford University
2014 - Aracheological remains of a Viking fortress from the 900s CE, the Vallø Borgring, is discovered in Denmark

301 - San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world and the world's oldest republic still in existence, is founded by Saint Marinus.
1930 - Hurricane kills 2,000, injures 4,000 (Dominican Republic)
1971 - Qatar regains complete independence from Britain
1976 - Viking 2 soft lands on Mars (Utopia), returns photos
1979 - Hurricane David, a strong Atlantic storm kills over 1,000

681 - Bulgaria is founded as a Khanate on the south bank of the Danube, after defeating the Byzantine armies of Emperor Constantine IV south of the Danube delta.
1778 - Captain Cook reaches Cape Prince of Wales, Bering straits
1819 - Jonathan Homer Lane, Geneseo, New York, USA, American astrophysicist who mathmatically analyzed the Sun as a gaseous body.
1831 - 1st US steam engine train run (Albany to Schenectady, NY)
1973 - USSR launches Mars 7
1990 - Soyuz TM-10 lands

1508 - Spaniard Juan Ponce de Leon founds Caparra the 1st European settlement in Puerto Rico
1605 - The city of Oulu, Finland, is founded by Charles IX of Sweden.
1609 - Venetian senate examines Galileo Galilei's telescope
1709 - 1st known ascent in hot-air balloon, Bartolomeu de Gusmao (indoors)
1786 - Jacques Balmat & Michel Paccard are 1st to climb to top of Mont Blanc
1864 - Comet C/1864 N1 (Tempel) approaches within 0.0964 AUs of Earth
1967 - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore & Thailand meet to form Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

1779 - Carl Ritter, cofounder of modern science of geography
1844 - Auguste Michel-Lévy, French geologist (d. 1911)
1930 - Richard Bedford Bennet forms Canadian government
1959 - Explorer 6 transmits 1st TV photo of Earth from space
1960 - Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) gains independence from France