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1488 - Bartolomeu Dias returns to Portugal after becoming 1st known European to sail round Cape of Good Hope
1612 - German Astronomer Simon Marius is 1st to observe Andromeda galaxy through a telescope
1832 – Alexander Gustaf Eifel was born.
1905 - The Pushkin House is established in Saint Petersburg to preserve the cultural heritage of Alexander Pushkin.
1970 - Venera 7; successfully lands on Venus - it is the first successful soft landing on another planet.
International Tea Day
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557 - Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, is significantly damaged by a 6.4 magnitude earthquake
1782 - The Montgolfier brother's balloon took off for the first time.
1819 - Alabama becomes the 22nd U.S. state.
1911 - 1911 - South Pole 1st reached, by Norwegian Roald Amundsen .
1958 - The Pole of Relative Inaccessibility; the 3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition becomes the first expedition to reach The Pole of Relative Inaccessibility in the Antarctic.
1962 - Mariner 2 unmanned space mission, becomes the first spacecraft to fly by Venus.
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1577 - Sir Francis Drake sets out from Plymouth, England, on his round-the-world voyage.
1642 - Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sights the South Island of present day New Zealand; initially he calls it Staten Landt and changes it a year later to Nieuw Zeeland
1833 - HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin arrives in Port Deseado, Patagonia
1974 - Malta becomes a republic
1990 - Heavy earthquake strikes Sicily, 18 die
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1963 - Kenya (formerly British East Africa) declares independence from UK
1911 - Delhi replaces Calcutta as the capital of India.
1913 - Hebrew language officially used to teach in Palestinian schools
1979 - A major earthquake and tsunami kill 259 people in Colombia.
1985 - NASA launches space vehicle S-207
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1816 - Indiana becomes 19th state of the Union
1905 - 120°F (49°C), Rivadavia, Argentina (South American record)
1958 - Upper Volta (now Bourkina Faso) gains autonomy from France
1972 - Apollo program: Apollo 17; becomes the sixth and last Apollo mission to land on the Moon. (The crew takes the photograph known as The Blue Marble as they leave the Earth.)
1996 – In Bitola was held the inaugural meeting of the National Students' Union of Macedonia.
International Mountain Day