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1667 - A deadly earthquake rocks Shemakha, in the Caucasus, killing 80,000 people.
1839 - A cyclone slams India with high winds and a 40 foot storm surge, destroying the port city of Coringa (never to be entirely rebuilt again). The storm wave sweeps inland, taking with it 20,000 ships and thousands of people. An estimated 300,000 deaths result from the disaster.
1867 - Alfred Nobel patents dynamite
1897 - Spain grants Puerto Rico autonomy
1930 - 690 earthquake shocks recorded in 1 day (Ito, Japan)
1950 - UN gives Eritrea to Ethiopia
1958 - Senegal becomes an autonomous state in French Community
1976 - Суринам стекнува независност од Холандија
International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
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1639 - 1st observation of transit of Venus by Jeremiah Horrocks and William Crabtree - helped establish size of the Solar System
1642 - Abel Janzoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania)
1859 - Charles Darwin publishes "On the Origin of Species"
1950 - "Storm of the Century": a violent snowstorm takes shape on this date before paralyzing the northeastern United States and the Appalachians the next day, bringing winds up to 100 mph and sub-zero temperatures, records 57 inches of snow, 353 people would die as a result of the storm.
1969 - Apollo Program:, Apollo 12; command module splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean, ending the second manned mission to the Moon.
1974 - Donald Johanson and Tom Gray discover the 40% complete Australopithecus afarensis skeleton, nicknamed "Lucy" (after The Beatles"), in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar Depression.
1976 - Çaldıran-Muradiye earthquake; in eastern Turkey kills between 4,000 and 5,000 people.
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1980 - Irpinia earthquake; A series of earthquakes in southern Italy kills approximately 3,000 people.
1871 - Railway bridge over Dutch Deep opens
1944 - According the ASNOM decision is formed National and University Library “St. Kliment Ohridski" in Skopje.
1977 - European weather satellite Meteosat 1 launched from Cape Canaveral
2014 - A magnitude 6.7 earthquake strikes central Japan
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1492 - Pinta under Martín Alonso Pinzón separates from Columbus's fleet
1497 - Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama rounds Cape of Good Hope on way to first voyage from Europe to reach India
1573 - The Brazilian city of Niterói is founded.
1574 - Discovery of the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.
1842 - Mount St Helens in Washington erupts
1943 – Lebanon gains independence from France.
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1783 - Pilstre de Rozier & Marquis d'Arlandes make 1st free balloon flight
1789 - North Carolina ratifies constitution, becomes 12th US state
1794 - Honolulu Harbor discovered
1964 - World's longest suspension bridge "Verrazano Narrows" opens (NYC)
World Television Day