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1848 - California Gold Rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento, California.
1918 - The Gregorian Calendar is introduced in Russia by decree of the Council of People's Commissars effective February 14 (NS).
1939 - Chillán earthquake of 1939; The deadliest earthquake in Chilean history strikes Chillán. 30,000 killed
1978 - Soviet satellite Cosmos 954, with a nuclear reactor on board, burns up in Earth's atmosphere, scattering radioactive debris over Canada's Northwest Territories (only 1% is recovered).
1986 - Voyager 2 passes within 81,500 kilometres (50,600 mi) of Uranus.
2009 - The storm Klaus makes landfall near Bordeaux, France. (It subsequently would cause 26 deaths as well as extensive disruptions to public transport and power supplies.)
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3102 BCE - Epoch (origin) of the Kali Yuga.
1556 - Shaanxi earthquake; The deadliest earthquake in history, hits Shaanxi province, China. The death toll may have been as high as 830,000.
1789 - Georgetown College, the first Catholic college in the United States, is founded in Georgetown, Maryland (now a part of Washington, D.C.).
1855 - The first bridge over the Mississippi River opens in what is now Minneapolis, Minnesota, a crossing made today by the Father Louis Hennepin Bridge.
1950 - The Knesset passes a resolution that states Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.
1960 - The Bathyscaphe USS Trieste breaks a depth record by descending to 10,911 m (35,798 feet) in the Pacific Ocean.
2003 - Final communication between Earth and Pioneer 10.
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1837 - Earthquake in southern Syria kills thousands
1918 - Ukraine proclaimed a free republic (German puppet)
1930 - -35°F (-37°C), Mount Carroll, Illinois (state record)
1969 - Apollo 5; NASA lifts off carrying the first Lunar module into space.
1969 - Orbiting Solar Observatory 5 launched into earth orbit
1985 - Cold wave damages 90% of Florida's citrus crop
1994 - 5.5 magnitude earthquake strikes Sumatra
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1643 - Dutch explorer Abel Tasman becomes the first European to discover the island Tonga.
1840 - Jules Dumont d'Urville discovers Adélie Land, Antarctica.
1925 - Albania declares itself a republic.
1960 - Project Mercury: Little Joe 1B a Mercury spacecraft, lifts off from Wallops Island, Virginia with Miss Sam, a female rhesus monkey on board.
2003 - Colima earthquake; A 7.6 magnitude earthquake strikes the Mexican state of Colima, killing 29 and leaving approximately 10,000 people homeless.
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1502 - The present-day location of Rio de Janeiro is first explored.
1576 - The Mexican city of León is founded by order of the viceroy Don Martín Enríquez de Almansa.
1936 - Start into traffic of the railway traffic Prilep - Veles length of 86 km.
1985 - Cold front strikes US, at least 40 die (-27°F (-33°C) in Chicago)
1986 - Chunnel announced (railroad tunnel under Canal)
2011- The Baikonur Cosmodrome is launched "Electro-L" - the first operational meteorological satellite of Russia.