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1559 - Storm floods ravage Gorinchem, Dordrecht & Woudrichem, Netherlands
1862 – Was born Wilhelm Bjerknes, founder of the science of meteorology.
1986 European Space Agency's Giotto flies by Halley's Comet (605 km)
1910 - Lakeview Gusher, the largest United States oil well gusher near Bakersfield, California, vented to atmosphere.
1995 1st time 13 people in space
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF ACTION FOR RIVERS
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607 12th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet
1519 Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico
1697 - Spanish conquest of Guatemala; Nojpetén (Tayasal), capital of the Itza Maya kingdom, fell to Spanish conquistadors.
1759 27th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet
1781 William Herschel sees what he thinks is a "comet" but is actually the discovery of the planet Uranus
1835 Charles Darwin departs Valparaiso for Andes crossing
1921 Mongolia (formerly Outer Mongolia) declares independence from China
1930 Clyde Tombaugh announces discovery of Pluto at Lowell Observatory
1969 - Apollo Program: NASA launches Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the lunar module.
1988 - The Seikan Tunnel, the world's longest sub-aqueous tunnel (53.85 km) between the Japanese islands of Honshū and Hokkaidō opens.
1992 - A magnitude 6.8 earthquake kills over 500 in Erzincan, eastern Turkey.
2003 - The journal Nature reports that 350,000-year-old footprints of an upright-walking human have been found in Italy.
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1365 - University of Vienna founded
1609 - Bermuda becomes an English colony
1642 - Abel Tasman is 1st European in New Zealand
1664 - New Jersey becomes an English colony
1737 - Galileo's body moved to Church of Santa Croce in Florence, Italy
1928 - In California, the Saint Francis Dam fails; the resulting floods kill over 600 people.
2011 - Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami; A reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant melts and explodes and releases radioactivity into the atmosphere a day after Japan's earthquake.
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1669 Volcano Etna in Italy erupts killing 15,000
1888 - Great Blizzard of 1888, a rare severe blizzard begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.
1895 Spanish cruiser Reina Regente sinks in Straits of Gibraltar, over 400 die
1897 A meteorite enters the earth's atmosphere and explodes over New Martinsville, West Virginia. The debris causes damage but no human injuries are reported.
1918 Moscow becomes capital of revolutionary Russia
1960 Pioneer 5 launched into solar orbit between Earth & Venus
1974 Mount Etna in Sicily erupted
1990 Lithuania declares its Independence
2011 - An earthquake measuring 9.0 in magnitude strikes 130 km (81 mi) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people. This event also triggered the second largest nuclear accident in history, and one of only two events to be classified as a Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.
2011 9.0 magnitude earthquake strikes 130 km (80 miles) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people and causing second largest ever nuclear accident
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1789 - Franklin College founded
1845 – Роден е Александар III, цар на Русија.
1862 - Great Britain & France recognise independence of Zanzibar
1876 - 1st telephone call made (Alexander Graham Bell to Thomas Watson)
1893 - Ivory Coast becomes a French colony
1902 - Earthquake destroys Turkish city of Tochangri
1910 - China ends slavery
1945 - Japan declares Vietnam Independence
1978 - Soyuz 28 returns to Earth
1982 - Sygyzy: all 9 planets aligned on same side of Sun